Technical Session 05: Malts and Grain Session
Wataru Saito, SAPPORO BREWERIES LTD., JAPAN
Co-author(s): Takehiro Hoki, Tetsuya Saito, Tomokazu Takaoka,
Shinichiro Yoshida, Masayuki Shimase, Kiyoshi Takoi, Naohiko Hirota, and
Makoto Kihara, Sapporo Breweries Ltd., Japan; Brian Rossnagel, Crop
Development Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of
Saskatchewan, Canada; Jason Eglinton School of Agriculture, Food and
Wine, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, Australia; Shinji Yamada,
Sapporo Breweries Ltd., Japan
ABSTRACT: Lipoxygenase (LOX) in malt is involved in the formation of trans-2-nonenal
(T2N) which causes cardboard off-flavor in beer. There are two LOX
isozymes (LOX-1 and LOX-2), with the formation of 9-hydroperoxide, a
precursor to T2N, primarily catalyzed by LOX-1. The formation of
trihydroxyoctadecenoic acid (THOD), which has negative effect on beer
foam retention, is also catalyzed by LOX-1. Therefore LOX-1 is an enzyme
affecting beer quality. Sapporo has been developing high quality
malting barley varieties in Japan and with its partners in other
countries. The LOX-1-less malting barley variety CDC PolarStar was
developed by molecular marker assisted backcross breeding using a
landrace from India with no seed LOX-1 activity as the donor parent and
high malting quality Canadian malting barley variety CDC Kendall
developed by the University of Saskatchewan as the recurrent parent.
Applying a similar breeding strategy in Australia, a LOX-1-less variety
has been developed from the joint breeding program with the University
of Adelaide using the high quality Australian malting barley variety
Flagship. Sapporo has conducted brewing trials comparing LOX-1-less
varieties with the parents and a commercial variety to investigate the
effect of the LOX-1 trait on beer quality. The results demonstrate
expected positive effects on beer quality.
Wataru Saito
received a master’s of agriculture degree in plant breeding from Okayama
University in Japan. He began working for Sapporo Breweries Ltd. in
April 1985 as a barley breeder in the laboratory on the raw material.
Since April 1987, he has functioned as a malting barley breeder in the
Hongri Seeds Co., Ltd., Hongxinglong, Heilongjiang, China. He joined the
joint breeding project on malting barley with teh University of
Saskatchewan in Canada from 1997 to 2007 and since has shifted to the
breeding program with the University of Adelaide in Australia.
VIEW PRESENTATION 15
